Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia - Pro and Con :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Willful extermination - Pro and Con   Conceptual   This paper will characterize Euthanasia and helped suicide.  Euthanasia is frequently mistaken for and related with helped self destruction, meanings of the two are required.  Two points of view will be introduced in this paper.  The first point of view will support killing or the option to kick the bucket, the subsequent viewpoint will support antieuthanasia, or the right to live.  Each point of view will try to explain the legitimate, good and moral repercussions or parts of willful extermination.   Theory Statement   Willful extermination, additionally kindness slaughtering, is the act of completion a real existence in order to discharge a person from a hopeless sickness or horrendous misery. Willful extermination is a tolerant way to and end of long haul suffering.  Euthanasia is a generally new predicament for the United States and has increased a terrible notoriety from negative media publicity encompassing helped suicides.  Euthanasia has a reason and ought to be assessed as others consciously filling a void made by our now and then harsh current society.   Absolute opposite Statement   Willful extermination is nothing not exactly unfeeling killing.  Euthanasia demeans life, much more so than the exceptionally disruptive issue of abortion.  Euthanasia is ethically furthermore, morally off-base and ought to be restricted in these United States.  Modern medication has advanced significantly as of late, willful extermination resets these clinical advances back by years and decreases the present Medical Doctors to managers of death.   Killing characterized         The term Euthanasia is utilized for the most part to allude to a simple or effortless passing. Deliberate killing includes a solicitation by the perishing tolerant or that individual's legitimate representative.  Passive or negative killing includes not planning something for forestall passing that is, permitting somebody to pass on; dynamic or positive willful extermination includes making purposeful move to cause a demise.         Euthanasia is regularly confused or connected with helped suicide,  a far off cousin of willful extermination, in which an individual wishes to end it all yet feels unfit to play out the demonstration alone on account of a physical inability or need of information about the best means.  A person who helps a self destruction casualty in achieving that objective might possibly be considered answerable for the demise, contingent upon nearby laws.  There is a particular contrast between killing and helped suicide.  This paper targets willful extermination; upsides and downsides,

I Read Over 100 Books in 2019. Heres Why I Wont in 2020.

I Read Over 100 Books in 2019. Heres Why I Wont in 2020. In 2019 I read over 100 books. A personal record. A record I’ve never come close to before. This happened for a lot of reasons. One I wrote about last year, giving myself permission to read what I want. In college, I was an English major, spending hours reading assigned texts. Many good ones, but not many I would have sought out on my own. Now, as an English teacher, I spend many more hours reading “assigned” words as well. From student essays to emails to articles on pedagogy and research for lesson plans, all of it necessary and none of it chosen.   It felt like what I “should” be reading. It was challenging stuff and definitely “worth” my time. This reading made me grow as a professional. It was a way for me to help students. It helped me stay aware of the goings on in my school and county. My mind was challenged. All of this reading “produced” something. It was for work, for school, for my students. Subsequently, the last thing I wanted to do when I went home was read more, for pleasure or not. So in 2019 I put a stop to all the should reading and started instead reading not to produce. Turns out, I don’t have to be constantly producing for my reading time to be worthwhile. I read love stories and adventure stories. I read fantastical stories and true stories. I read about how to help myself and how to help kids read. I read seminal texts and books with pictures and books with Valkyries. Plus, most of these I read with my ears, through Libby. Giving myself permission for my reading to not have to be productive (although let’s be real, all reading is beneficial) turned out to be my most impressive statistical year, even though I didn’t plan or work for it.   I did, however, read instead of doing a lot of other things. I didn’t watch much TV or hike as much as I did in previous years. I didn’t listen to podcasts or go to movies. I missed out on truly relaxing because I read. While I gave myself permission to read any and everything I wanted, I didn’t let go that puritanical inner push to be doing, doing, doing. Sure, I was reading for pleasure, but if I read just one more book this weekend then I’ll have finished two in two days and isn’t that cool Twitter? Instagram, look at what I did! Form an orderly line to offer me back pats.   Do I feel awesome about what I’ve accomplished? Absolutely.   Do I want to keep up this pace and keep saying no to other things in my life? Ehh, not any more.   I want to watch good TV shows and spend time moving my body. I want to write more and meet new people. I want to spend more time walking my grumpy dog and taking bird watching classes. I want to listen to music again. I certainly want to keep reading, but I want more, too. More rest. More chill. And if that means less titles on my Goodreads and less bragging rights, that’s perfectly fine. It’ll mean less stress, too. Because in 2020, saying no to reading will mean saying yes to stories in different forms. I’ll finally catch up on all those shows I’ve added to my watch list. I’ll listen with my full attention to my students. I’ll learn from others in person in classes at my local park. With any luck, I’ll make some new stories for myself in this new year instead of only reading them.

Juan Corona, the Machete Murderer

Juan Corona was a labor contractor who hired migrant workers to produce fields in California. In a murder spree lasting six weeks, he raped and murdered 25 men and buried their machete-hacked bodies in the orchards owned by local farmers. Diagnosed With Schizophrenia Juan Corona (born 1934) moved from Mexico to Yuba City, California in the 1950s to work as a produce field-worker. Corona, diagnosed with schizophrenia, managed to work up through the ranks despite his illness. In the early 1970s, he moved from the field into a contractor’s job and hired workers for the local Yuba City Growers. The Hired Help Married with four children, Corona succeeded in providing a comfortable life for his family. He had the reputation of being a tough person in his interactions with the workers he hired. Many of the workers were down-and-out men, homeless alcoholics, old and unemployable. Few had family ties and most lived nomadic lives. Corona in Full Control Corona offered the workers housing on Sullivan Ranch. Here the migrant workers and itinerants worked daily for little pay and lived in a dismal prison-like environment. Corona had control over their basic needs of food and shelter and in 1971, he began to use that power to satisfy his sexually sadistic impulses. Easy Victims For men to vanish without anyone taking notice was common on the Sullivan Ranch. Corona took advantage of this and began to select men to rape and murder. Their sudden absence did not cause concern and went unreported. Knowing this—Corona made little effort to destroy evidence linking him to the murdered men. A Pattern of Murder His pattern was the same. He dug holes—sometimes a few days in advance, picked his victim, sexually assaulted and stabbed them to death. He then hacked at their heads with a machete and buried them. Discovery of a Grave Corona’s carelessness eventually caught up with him. In early May 1971, a ranch owner discovered a seven-foot freshly dug hole on his property. When he returned the following day he found the hole filled. He became suspicious and called authorities. When the hole was uncovered, the mutilated corpse of Kenneth Whitacre was found three feet in the ground. Whitacre had been sexually assaulted, stabbed and his head split opened with a machete. More Graves Uncovered Another farmer reported that he also had a freshly covered hole on his property. The hole contained the body of an elderly drifter, Charles Fleming. He had been sodomized, stabbed and his head was mutilated with a machete. The Machete Murderer The investigation turned up more graves. By June 4, 1971, authorities uncovered 25 graves. All the victims were men found laying on their backs, arms above their heads and shirts pulled over their faces. Each man had been sodomized and murdered in a similar fashion—stabbed and two slashes in the shape of a cross on the back of their heads. A Trail Leads to Corona Receipts with Juan Coronas name on them were found in the victims pockets. The police determined that many of the men had last been seen alive with Corona. A search of his home turned up two bloodstained knives, a ledger with seven of the victim’s names and the date of their murders logged, a machete, pistol, and bloodstained clothing. The Trial Corona was arrested and tried for the 25 murders. He was found guilty and sentenced to 25 consecutive life sentences, leaving him no hope of parole. He immediately appealed the verdict. Many believed an accomplice had been involved in the crimes but no evidence supporting the theory was ever found. In 1978, Coronas appeal was upheld and he set out to try to prove the lawyers during his first trial were inept because they never used his schizophrenia to plead insanity. He also pointed the finger to his brother as being the real killer. Coronas half brother, Natividad, was a cafe owner who lived in a nearby town in 1970. Natividad sexually attacked a patron and left his beaten body in the bathroom of the cafe. He took off to Mexico when he found out the victim was going to sue him. There was no evidence found linking Coronas brother to the crimes. In 1982, the court upheld the original guilty verdicts. Meanwhile, Corona was involved in a prison fight and received 32 razor cuts and lost an eye. Six Weeks of Murder Coronas killing spree lasted six weeks. Why he decided to begin killing is a mystery and one that many psychologists pondered. Most believe he probably had a past of sexual assault and victimizing the helpless individuals who he hired. Some attribute Coronas violence to his need for supreme control of his victims.

`` School Vs Education `` By Russel Baker - 966 Words

Image your dream house. Does it a have a huge lawn, or are three stories high? How do you afford to pay for your dream house? Your answer should be through your education system and the quality of the education you have learned. Do you feel like your education system has you up to fail or will help you be prepared for you to be successful in life? Many article and essays talk about the educations failed system. For example, one essay is â€Å"School vs Education† by Russel Baker. Baker talks about how school is made for testing not learning. Author, Martha Irvine talks about grade inflation in her article â€Å"Study: More college freshman feel ‘above average.† The essay â€Å"Write and Wrong† by Anna Quindlen, talks about a teacher who is wronged for finding a book that relates to the students. Altogether, the education system could be improved administering fewer standardized testing, not allowing grade inflation, and hiring better quality teachers. †Å"During formal education, the child learns that life is for testing.† Baker 225. Given that it is said is sad enough, I find this statement to be true. For this reason, the education system has not prepared their students for college and life skills. Thus, in my experience as a student, the schools have not prepared me, because of the simple fact my level of understanding basic college freshman information is not at my level of comprehension. In any case, the education system needs to focus on the students understanding information andShow MoreRelatedSchool Vs Education By Russel Baker967 Words   |  4 Pages Education Image your dream house. Does it a have a huge lawn, or are three stories high? How do you afford to pay for your dream house? Your answer should be through your education system and the quality of the education you have learned. Do you feel like your education system has you up to fail or will help you be prepared for you to be successful in life? Many articles and essays talk about the educations failed system. For example, one essay is â€Å"School vs Education† by Russel Baker. Baker talksRead MoreThe Aspects of Culture and Its Effect on Entry Mode Decisions9951 Words   |  40 Pagesan important determinant for the decision on entry modes used by organizations. However other studies indicate that culture does not has an influence on the entry mode (Luo amp; Peng, 1999; Brouthers amp; Brouthers, 2001;Tihanyi, Griffith amp; Russel, 2005). Many researchers have discussed the impact of national culture as cultural distance (CD)(Kogut amp; Singh, 1988; Morosini, Shane amp; Sin gh 1998; Drogendijk amp; Slangen, 2006; Nes, Solberg amp; Silkoset, 2007). According to Ricks, ToyneRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages11.4 Risk assessment 11.5 Risk responses (.2–.1.2) 11.6 Risk register 7.1.2.5 PERT analysis 7.1.2.6.3 Contingency reserves 7.3.3.4 Change control management G.7 Culture awareness 1.4.4 Project offices 8.1.2 Continuous improvement 5.1 Requirements vs. actual [5.3] Chapter 17 Agile PM 6.1.2.2 Rolling wave This page intentionally left blank Project Management The Managerial Process The McGraw-Hill/Irwin Series Operations and Decision Sciences OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT BeckmanRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pagesthe brand. Research in psychology has shown that recognition alone can result in more positive feelings toward nearly anything, whether it is music, people, words, or brands. Studies have demonstrated that, even with nonsense words (like postryna vs. potastin for example), consumers instinctively prefer an item they have previously seen to one that is new to them. Thus, when a brand choice is made--even when the decision involves products like computers or advertising agencies-the familiar brand

Sexual Abuse And Domestic Violence - 790 Words

People who experience sexual abuse or domestic violence always blame themselves due to guilt and low self-esteem, also because the abuser is very dominant and can make the victim believe that it’s their fault. As Lievore suggested a few number of personal barriers: ïÆ' ¼ Humiliation, awkwardness; ïÆ' ¼ Thinking that what their partner is doing is not a crime and shouldn’t be report as they’d refuse to testify against them. ïÆ' ¼ They don’t want other people knowing. ïÆ' ¼ Blaming themselves or believe that other people would blame them for it. ïÆ' ¼ Going through the situation quietly and not sharing it with anyone else ïÆ' ¼ Making excuses or protecting the abuser. (Lievore 2003) And a few barriers at the level of the justice system include: ïÆ' ¼ Thinking that the police wouldn’t be able to help ïÆ' ¼ Dread of being treated badly by others or looked down upon ïÆ' ¼ Scared of legal procedures ïÆ' ¼ Not having enough evidence to prove the incident ïÆ' ¼ Not being aware of the reporting system (Lievore 2003) The blocks recognized by (Lievore 2005) have an individual and social estimation and give an aide of the mental region subject to be possessed by various survivors. All are fit for bringing about excited inconvenience despite that delivered by the assault. Hence, these checks may obfuscate and worsen the psychosocial inconvenience starting now passed on by survivors. This weight is the one with which advantage suppliers must snare when they work with setback/survivors and make intercessions toShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse881 Words   |  4 Pagesallegations of domestic abuse against current players. In it, a woman phones the police, forced to pretend to be ordering a pizza in order to not raise suspicion from her abuser, who is in the room with her. The creator of the commercial, No More, is an advocacy group that is working to end domestic violence and sexual abuse. On their website, they cite the 2013 Avon Foundation for Women’s NO MORE study, which found that while nearly two thirds of Americans know a victim of domestic or sexual abuse, thoseRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse1478 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review Background of Study ​Anger and violence happen at every level in the family, which ultimately destroys the family life, and it happens with couples, parents, children and also siblings. However, females have primarily been the target of violence (Payne Wermeling, 2009). Domestic abuse is often recurring and it signifies that one partner in the relationship threatens the other psychologically, economically and sexually by harming them physically or threatening to harm themRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse Essay731 Words   |  3 Pages Domestic violence has had a traumatic affect on the lives of millions of people in the United States alone (Carretta, 2010, p. 28). Bryant Furlow (2010) states that domestic violence is any physical, psychological or sexual abuse endured by a current/former spouse, intimate partner or simply anyone who is abusing another family member. According to Furlow (2010) domestic violence incorporates elder abuse, child abuse and intimate partner violence. Altho ugh domestic violence can affect all membersRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse896 Words   |  4 Pageswitnesses abuse in his/her home at a young age? Introduction: What is domestic violence? â€Å"Domestic Violence is a pattern of behaviors used to establish power and control over another person through fear and intimidation, often inclosing the threat or use of violence†(Safe Horizon, 2015). Domestic violence includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and exploitation; therefore, this is in relation to â€Å"intimate partner violence, battering, relationship abuse, spousal abuse, or familyRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse1431 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence by definition is a violent or aggressive way of being within the confines of the home; in most occasions it is typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner. There are various cues that display an abuse relationship; domestic violence is just the definition of the type of abuse itself. Abusive individuals that are most likely to commit domestic violence actions are said to need to feel in charge of the relationship. They will make decisi ons for you and the familyRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse1456 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Violence is violence between intimate partners. Intimate partners can be people who live together or people who are currently dating or have dated in the past. â€Å"Perhaps a better definition of domestic violence is emotional abuse, physical abuse, or sexual abuse between people who have at some point in time had an intimate or family relationship.† (AAETS). Emotional abuse is when an intimate partner has continuously criticized you, manipulated you with lies, and humiliated you in public orRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse2157 Words   |  9 PagesWhat is considered â€Å"Domestic Violence†? Can just about anyone claim they are victims of Domestic Violence or is there certain types of people that classify for it? Not anyone can claim domestic violence, one must have actual proof of being beaten or abused. Domestic violence is a pattern of behavioral or mental abuse, which involves acts of violence by one person against another in a domestic context, such as in marriage. Intimate partner violence is domestic violence against a spouse or other intimateRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse1857 Words   |  8 PagesIntimate partner abuse has more commonly and it typically has been called domestic violence or spouse abuse. This type of abuse describes any physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former intimate partner or spouse. The definition of intimate partner abuse is any intentional act or series of acts that cause injury to the spouse or intimate partner. Usually the abuse starts as psychological abuse and then gradually turns into physical and possibly sexual abuse. Another reason whyRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse2537 Words   |  11 Pagesonce spoiled with turn into howling screams and name-calling. The flattering gifts turn into physical abuse. This relationship is referred to as domestic violence or intimate partner violence. This happens when a partner or significant other declares power, authority and control over the other partner. To maintain this authority and control, the abusive partner uses emotional, physical or sexual abuse over his victim (Alters 27). Victims will desperately look for an exit out of this relationship, butRead MoreScenario: Domestic Violence and Sexual Abuse Essay example866 Words   |  4 Pagessituations and help them cope with past experiences. I selected scenario number two. The personal information I would collect from this client is basic demographic information, personal background such as family, trauma history, history of domestic violence or sexual abuse, marital status, financial situation, health, education, housing status, strengths, resources, and employment. I would also collect family history of mental health problems, client history of mental health problems, any hospitalization

Ethical Challenges in Withdrawing Life Support Essay Example For Students

Ethical Challenges in Withdrawing Life Support Essay Patients are impelled by powerful emotions (such as guilt) or by adherence to religious or secular traditions to behave in certain ways that may conflict with medical advice. 2 Honest discussions with patients and their families about the benefits and burdens of therapy and the medical uncertainty that exists are necessary to provide patients and families With the best opportunity to make informed decisions. We know that honest direct communication is most important for patients and families faced to make life determining decisions. These health care workers must communicate within the medical ethics of their profession. Medical ethics is based on a four prima facie moral principles and attention to these principles scope of application. The four prima facie principles are respect for autonomy, beneficence, non. Maleficent, and justice. Prima facie, a term introduced by the English philosopher W D Ross, means that the principle is binding unless it conflicts with another moral principle . If it does we have to choose been them. Respect for autonomy is the moral obligation to respect the autonomy of others in so far as such respect is compatible with equal respect for the autonomy of all potentially affected. Respect for autonomy is also sometimes described, in Kantian terms, as treating others as ends in themselves and never merely as means one of Cants formulations of his categorical imperative. l Beneficence and non-Maleficent are contained within the traditional Hippocratic Oath in which it is the moral obli gation of medicine to provide net medical benefit to patients with minimal harm. We will write a custom essay on Ethical Challenges in Withdrawing Life Support specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The fourth prima facie moral principle is justice Justice is often regarded as being synonymous with fairness and can be summarized as the moral obligation to act on the basis of fair adjudication between competing claims. I We have now identified the four medical ethical principles that healthcare professionals must adhere to. Will now discuss the question Of retaining Or Withdrawing life support for dying patients; providing food and fluids by tubes is a common form of life support for weak, injured, or unconscious patients. If the patient has the mental capacity to make decisions, then the patient can tell the physician what he/she wants. This will not alter the dying process and therefore is not considered suicide. It is important to remember that when we are entrusted with decisions about the care of the wing, the patients comfort and wishes must guide our decision making. 3 Missouri v, Curran was a case directly related to withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. This case in 1990 supported the distinction between letting a patient die and making that patient There was clear and convincing evidence of Nancy Caravans intent avgas not to be sustained on a feeding tube and the tube was Withdrawn. There comes a time When nature should take its course, the proper judgments of physicians and family should be respected and the patient should be allowed to die a natural and dignified death. Medical interventions can be withdrawn or withheld by the physician when they will not benefit the patient. Most ethical conflicts involve issues Of autonomy and beneficence, and most of these conflicts involve the family. In principle, families do not have the right to reverse patients advance decisions when the patient loses consciousness. However, physicians may concede to the familys demands for aggressive therapy after the patient loses decision. Making capacity. The reasons for this are varied: physicians can be fearful that angry families will sue if therapy is withheld; Hessians may feel that they can make things easier for the family while producing only minimal burden to the patient; or physicians may not be firm in their own convictions. Nonetheless, the patients right to refuse therapy must be protected, recognizing that most patients are concerned about their families and do not wish to have family members undergo unnecessary anguish. .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb , .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb .postImageUrl , .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb , .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb:hover , .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb:visited , .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb:active { border:0!important; } .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb:active , .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f036dc276e9564ac9a8fb21204acbcb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sustainability: Ethical and Social Responsibility Dimensions Sample EssayPhysicians should be sensitive to such family concerns, but in the end, it is the patients wishes that must prevail. 2 In closing, would like to discuss the importance of advance planning and documenting your wishes on paper in a legal document, am a hospice nurse and have witnessed both sides of this issue. If the patient has put their expectations in a Living Will the family will make the decision of withdrawing life supporting measures more easily than if they are deciding what their loved one Would have Wanted. I did not have advance directives until was faced with the unexpected death of my mother, who avgas on a ventilator for aggressive treatment Of pneumonia. Her heart failed and the decision was to resuscitate her or allow her to have a natural death. Had spoken with my other since her diagnosis Of lung cancer about her Wishes but nothing was documented. Was only a daughter, without legal authority to make her medical decisions that was left in the hands of her current husband. I looked at him and asked what he wanted as my mothers heart grew weaker and leading to a point of ceasing and he said that they spoke about this and she wanted a natural death. Explained this to the intensive care nurse and her wishes through my step-father were granted. Knew at that time I needed my wishes in writing and the directives for my children if something would happen to me, My directives Tate that it I am terminal I do not want to be kept alive through artificial nutrition, hydration or ventilation, I would be able to make the same decision for my husband.

Aplied Linguistics, L1 and L2 Essay Example

Aplied Linguistics, L1 and L2 Essay Reading Worksheet 1: Read the extract Applied Linguistics: An emerging discipline for the twenty-first century in your reading packs and answers the following questions: 1. On the basis of the information provided by Grabe, complete the following chart. Which conclusions can you draw regarding the scope of Applied Linguistics? Decade |Focus of Applied Linguistics | | |Insights of structural and functional linguistics that could be applied to language teaching and | |1950s |literacy in first and second language. | |Language assessment, language policies and second language acquisition ( focused on learning rather | |1960s |than teaching) | | |Real world problems rather than theoretical explorations: Language assessment, second language | |1970s |acquisition, literacy, multilingualism, language minority rights language planning and policy and | | |teacher training. Language teaching remains important. | | |Incorporation of many subfields beyond language teaching and language learning such as: language | |1980s |assessment, language policy and planning, language use in professional settings, translation, | | |lexicography, multilingualism, language and technology and corpus linguistics. | |Incorporation of more subfields and drawing on supporting disciplines: Psychology, education, | |1990s |anthropology, sociology, political science, policy studies, administration studies, English studies ( | | |rhetoric, composition, literacy) | 2. What is the central issue in Applied Linguistics? Has it changed in the same way as its scope? In a very general point of view, applied linguistics is focused on language-related real-life problems; but it hasn’t always been this way, back in the 50s, applied linguistics focused mainly in second and first language teaching and then it began to emerge as a genuine problem-solving enterprise. Late in the 90’s, applied linguistics led into the theoretical and empirical investigation of real world problems in which language is a central issue. So, upon the course of years, applied linguistics has developed into a more practical use of this one. 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Aplied Linguistics, L1 and L2 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Aplied Linguistics, L1 and L2 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Aplied Linguistics, L1 and L2 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Why is Generative Linguistics not dominant in Applied Linguistics? Which are the competing approaches for linguistic analysis that are growing recognition, instead? Why are they preferred to the generative approach? 4. Why is interdisciplinary a defining aspect of Applied Linguistics nowadays? Because applied linguistics uses methods and insights of several established disciplines or traditional fields; it has acknowledge about other fields a part from linguistics and it crosses a wide range of settings follow. 5. Why do some scholars claim that Applied Linguistics is not a discipline? What is the author’s point of view? Why? Because they do believe that applied linguistics is too broad and fragmented that it demands expert knowledge in too many fields and that doesn’t have a set of unifying research paradigms. The author believes that applied linguistics can be considered a discipline much in the way that many other disciplines are defined. He explains that as several other new relatively new disciplines in academic institutions, applied linguistics has its core and periphery which can blur into other disciplines that can or not be allied with it. Read the extract An Overview of Applied Linguistics in your reading pack and answer the following questions: 1. How many different areas within AL are listed in the chapter? Which is the dominant one? 2. What is Authorship identification? 3. What is the Grammar-translation method? What is the Direct method? Which are the main problems with those methods? How long did they last? 4. When and why did Audiolingualism emerge? Was it successful? Why? 5. What replaced Behaviourism? Why? 6. What is the main argument for linguistic nativism? 7. What is communicative competence? 8. Describe the main focus of communicative language teaching. In which particular aspects of language use is it useful? Which is the main problem with this approach? What replaced it? 9. In which way(s) has computing technology provided useful insights in language description? 10. Why isn’t Chomsky’s notion of competence a proper object of study for Sociolinguistics?